![]() The guidelines on interpreting proteomic data have also been published and recently updated 4. Nowadays, the Human Proteome Project ( ) has been launched to characterize the entire human proteome by advanced proteomic techniques, which is the next major challenge 3. Therefore, the genomic data alone cannot bring a full picture of the disease mechanisms with comprehensive understanding 2. These data fail to reveal changes in posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation and protein degradation. However, a significant limitation of genomic or transcriptomic profiling studies is that genomic and transcriptomic data, which only provide indirect measurements of cellular states, may not accurately reflect the corresponding protein changes. Many of them have been developed as routine tests in the clinic. Since the successful completion of the Human Genome Project that mapped the whole human genomes, a massive number of genomic markers have been identified and are being applied to medical sciences 1. Thus, modern proteomics have a range of potential applications in basic research, prognostic oncology, precision medicine, and drug discovery. In summary, the advances in high-throughput proteomics will not only help better understand the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, but also to identify the signature signaling networks of specific diseases. Various principles and precautions are provided for better utilization of these tools. We also discuss important computational methods and statistical algorithms that can maximize the mining of proteomic data with clinical and/or other ‘omics data. Here, we summarize scientific research and clinical practice of existing and emerging high-throughput proteomics approaches, including mass spectrometry, protein pathway array, next-generation tissue microarrays, single-cell proteomics, single-molecule proteomics, Luminex, Simoa and Olink Proteomics. ![]() With the technological revolution and emerging computational and statistic models, proteomic methodology has evolved rapidly in the past decade and shed light on solving complicated biomedical problems. Proteomics plays a vital role in biomedical research in the post-genomic era. ![]()
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